I remember reading Helping, Holding, Hurting: A Conversation about Supervision co-authored by Kim Thornden-Edwards and Fergus McNeill. The article*, written somewhere between being a probation manager or a director, makes a strong case for protecting the human relationships, professional judgement and intuition at the heart of good supervision, rather than allowing rigid, tick-box compliance to dominate practice.
Those are important ideas. The question is what happens to them when people move from writing about probation to leading it. There is an uncomfortable disconnect between some of the things people have argued for academically and professionally, and what practitioners experience on the ground today: severe staff shortages, high vacancy rates, unmanageable workloads and warnings of the need for “urgent, focused action” from the Chief Inspector of Probation.
Perhaps the problem isn’t that probation lacks people with something worth saying. Perhaps we have plenty of them. The question is whether those in positions of influence are still prepared to listen to them — and, more importantly, act on what they are saying."
*Abstract
This article begins with an overview of some of the late Bill McWilliams's key contributions to probation research and scholarship, focusing in particular on how his work helps us think about how people experience supervision, and about how the practice of supervision should be conceived and constructed. In the sections that follow, three of the co-authors respond to these ideas from their different perspectives as service user, as frontline probation officer, and as probation manager. In the conclusion, we summarise the discussion by focusing on the role of values, of relationships and of evidence in the reform and development of probation.
"Give the probation officer the autonomy to trust in their own skills, and allow trusting relationships between the probation officer and the people they work with to develop."
I think the above from regular contributor 'Getafix is as good a sentiment as I've seen on here in a long time and it got me pondering. Given the recent lively discussion about practitioners not being listened to, I decided to revisit a past contributor, the former Chief Officer and HMI Andrew Bridges*. He continues to maintain a comprehensive website covering his career, practice and policy proposals and I could not help noticing the following as part of his submission to the House of Commons Select Committee last year:-
"Research from the last 50 years (at least) shows that there are no magic bullets to stopping people from reoffending, but, when well-motvated staff are enabled to use their creativity and initiative, they can influence individuals who have offended to change their behaviour and thus make a small but significant improvement to overall reoffending figures."
The submission is substantial and wide-rangning and well worth reading in full, but as a taster this from the beginning gives an indication of his direction of travel:-
"What am I saying?
I will largely confine my evidence to Probation specifically, because I expect politicians to find it too difficult to move to a rational policy of making less use of prison. It seems to me that the political imperative to be seen to be tough on crime and to protect the public appears to trump the evidenced analysis (that no doubt others will also submit) that our present excessive use of prison is poor value for money.
I argue, in contrast, that a major “Refocus” is possible specifically for Probation, even in today’s political climate. I do not seek yet another restructuring, but instead I make the case for a coherent strategy, together with some intelligent rationalising of post-custody licences and community sentences.
However, the remedy that would not have the intended helpful effect would be to develop the idea of so-called “tougher” community sentences. Instead we need a comprehensive ‘Probation Refocus’ that would replace the existing top-heavy cumbersome management with a much more ‘bottom-up’ approach to managing Probation work, to liberate its creative potential. Even with Probation’s very limited resourcing this would enable the additional necessary changes to post-custody supervision and community sentences to have the desired helpful effect. I outline these additional ‘necessary changes’ further below."
It's interesting to note that this submission, along with a well-argued research proposal, were during the tenure of Lord Timpson as Justice Minister when there was some optimism that his 'bottom-up' business management style might signal similar moves within the Department. Sadly, this was proved to be unfounded and indeed the political enthusiasm for both tougher community sentences and greater imprisonment appear undiminished. Additionally, the new Labour government have showed no appetite to follow through on their Manifesto promise of a thorough independent Review of probation.
So, just in the past two days, we’ve had a whole range of ideas about how to move probation forwards which I will be sharing with my MP. Think about that - in just two days. All of them are from or involve people who have actually worked in probation one way or another. Yet none of these ideas seem to feature in the changes currently being made to the probation service.
ReplyDelete“Probation as social work”
https://doi.org/10.1177/02645505241241588
“Rehabilitating Probation”
https://doi.org/10.54006/WRDW8386
“Renewing Probation”
https://doi.org/10.1177/02645505261478012
“Refocusing Probation”
https://www.andrewbridgesprobation.com/_files/ugd/b9d8fa_2b53833874cd48fd97e1c219a86babea.pdf
Andrew Bridges, for me, is the personification of probation. So perhaps it’s time we actually listened to him. If there’s any doubt about that, the last word has to go to the Guardian:
Why probation service still requires the expertise of Andrew Bridges
https://www.theguardian.com/public-leaders-network/2011/jul/04/andrew-bridges-probation-service
Perhaps probation’s problem isn’t that we don’t know what good probation looks like.
ReplyDeleteLook at the material being gathered here. Different authors, different decades, practitioners, former leaders, inspectors and academics, yet remarkably similar themes keep appearing: relationships, professional judgement, autonomy, skilled practitioners, manageable work, rehabilitation, local knowledge and sufficient freedom to respond to the individual rather than simply administer a process.
So perhaps we should stop behaving as though probation is waiting for somebody to discover the answer.
We appear to know quite a lot already.
That raises a much more uncomfortable question. If decades of professional knowledge and research keep pointing towards broadly similar principles, why does organisational reform repeatedly seem to move towards greater standardisation, centralisation, prescription, measurement and control?
Maybe this isn’t a failure of evidence. Maybe it is a conflict between two completely different ideas of what probation is.
One sees probation primarily as professional practice. Its greatest asset is the quality of the practitioner and the relationship they establish with the person they supervise. Systems exist to support that work.
The other sees probation increasingly as a large-scale delivery system. People are assessed, categorised and moved through defined processes; activity is standardised; resources are allocated according to models; performance is measured centrally; technology creates efficiencies and variation becomes something to control.
Those aren’t necessarily compatible visions.
And perhaps that explains why the same arguments keep returning. Research can demonstrate the importance of relationships and professional judgement, but an organisation trying to manage hundreds of thousands of people nationally will inevitably be attracted to things that can be standardised, measured, costed and controlled.
That is where I think Andrew Bridges’ argument about a genuinely bottom-up probation service becomes particularly interesting. Bottom-up doesn’t simply mean asking practitioners for their views. It means accepting that some authority has to move downwards with the responsibility.
Otherwise we can publish another paper about professional autonomy, celebrate relational practice, establish another professional register and talk endlessly about empowering practitioners while continuing to determine from the centre how many contacts somebody receives, what processes must be completed and how practitioner time is used.
At some point we need to decide which model we actually believe in.
Because if probation really is a profession, professional judgement cannot simply be something practitioners are permitted to exercise in the spaces left over after the system has finished prescribing everything else.
Perhaps we don’t need another vision of probation.
Perhaps we need the courage to implement what we already know.
Agreed...but are we given the tools to develop the "courage to implement what we already know"? What I think we do know is that spending hours completing OASYS is NOT effective...creating perfectly written RMPs...chasing dashboards,...focusing our time on "recording"...and now a complex system of "rationing" contact via predetermined processes. Do we think all that we record in OASYS is necessary? And yet this is exactly what the organisation left intact....time and effort and resources ploughed into systems such as ARNS and MPOP....this is what makes me so angry right now....they seem to think we should be celebrating reducing 25% of our work through withdrawing services so that ultimately we have become "an assessment, monitoring and referral" service and little else.
DeleteThis is exactly where I think the 25% claim needs much more scrutiny.
DeleteIf the intention is to release 25% of practitioner capacity, then surely the first question should be: 25% of what?
And the second should be: what are we intending practitioners to do with the time released?
Because there is an enormous difference between reducing bureaucracy so practitioners have more time to practise probation, and reducing probation itself so that the remaining bureaucracy fits inside the working day.
That distinction matters.
If we genuinely believe relationships, professional curiosity, individualised work and professional judgement are important, then I would expect a capacity programme to be ruthlessly examining everything that takes practitioners away from those things.
How much recording is actually necessary?
How much duplication exists?
How much practitioner time is spent satisfying assurance processes rather than improving an outcome?
How much information in our assessment systems genuinely changes what we do?
How many dashboards require servicing?
How much time is spent navigating systems, evidencing activity, completing mandatory processes and demonstrating that something has happened rather than actually making it happen?
And, crucially, which of those things has been removed?
Because if the administrative architecture remains largely intact while contact, interventions and other forms of direct work are rationed, we haven’t necessarily released practitioners from bureaucracy.
We may simply have released the bureaucracy from some of the practice.
That takes us straight back to the bigger question about what probation is becoming.
An assessment, monitoring and referral service can undoubtedly be made more administratively efficient. People can be assessed, categorised, referred, monitored and recorded. Technology can assist with all of it.
But where does the actual probation work happen?
Where is the time to understand why somebody keeps returning to an abusive relationship, why somebody has suddenly started drinking again, why somebody who has attended reliably has disappeared, why somebody’s presentation has subtly changed, why an apparently suitable referral repeatedly fails, or why the person sitting opposite you is saying all the right things while something tells you the risk picture is moving in the wrong direction?
Those aren’t romantic extras from some mythical golden age of probation.
They are often how practitioners discover the information that isn’t sitting neatly inside the assessment.
And there is something deeply strange about simultaneously talking about professional judgement while constructing increasingly predetermined parameters around how professional time may be used.
Perhaps that is the question I would like answered about the 25%.
Are we removing unnecessary work so that practitioners have more capacity to practise probation?
Or are we removing parts of probation practice so that the workload becomes administratively manageable?
Those are not remotely the same thing.
And if it is the latter, we should at least be honest about what the efficiency actually consists of.
"Where is the time to understand why somebody keeps returning to an abusive relationship, why somebody has suddenly started drinking again, why somebody who has attended reliably has disappeared, why somebody’s presentation has subtly changed, why an apparently suitable referral repeatedly fails, or why the person sitting opposite you is saying all the right things while something tells you the risk picture is moving in the wrong direction?"
DeleteHave to wonder just how probation ever managed and achieved a gold star status before OASyS?
'Getafix
I think getafix my answer is oasys existed but how we used it changed. Frankly "in my day" we would write a light touch analysis of the relevant factors in sections 1-13 and a "risk summary" which was exactly that. Then came the QDT tools, audits, practice improvement initiatives to service those tools, armies of QDOs assessing practice against those tools...the whole focus has become on adhering to these standards rather than really thinking about what an assessment is and what is really needed in one. The resource, time and effort has according to HMIP made our practice worse, not better, and HMPPS answer to all this is "leave all the bureaucracy intact, remove contact".
DeletePre split every service was a gold standard service……post reunification most have gone to pot. Why is this? There any many reasons but the same practitioners that took each service to gold standard are likely to have been the same who witnessed the gradual erosion of the service to the omnishambles we are presented with today……..will senior management ever hold their hands up and say…….we got it wrong !
ReplyDelete